VS subsidiëring van neonazi’s in Oekraïne, neonazi’s die ook fascisten uit de VS trainen……

De VS
subsidieert neo-nazi’s in Oekraïne, neonazi’s die ook neonazi’s uit de VS
trainen…… Waar bronnen in het Pentagon toegeven ‘het mogelijk te achten’ dat militaire adviseurs van de VS leden van het neonazi-bataljon Azov hebben getraind (en waarschijnlijk nog trainen) in Oekraïne…… Ofwel de VS traint indirect de neonazi’s in eigen land…….

De FBI
heeft 4 neonazi’s (eufemistisch ‘white supremacists’ genoemd) van de Rise Above Movement
(RAM) aangeklaagd die werden getraind door het Oekraïense Azov
bataljon, een neonazi militie die officieel deel uitmaakt van de
Oekraïense nationale garde (o.a. onder de verkorting ‘Azan’), een bataljon dat ook als legeronderdeel
vecht in Oost-Oekraïne, vechtend tegen de burgers die zich terecht verzetten
tegen de neonazi-junta van Porosjenko, de zogenaamde president van
Oekraïne…… Voorts zitten er vrijwilligers uit o.a. uit de VS, Brazilië, Polen en Frankrijk in het neonazi-bataljon in Oost-Oekraïne…. (eerder was er al sprake van Nederlandse motorkleuters van de ‘Hells Angels’, of soortgelijke suffe brommerjongens, die mee zouden vechten aan de kant van de neonazi’s in Oost-Oekraïne….) 

Het is overigens niet voor het eerst dat de VS samenwerkt met (neo-) nazi’s, begin 50er jaren gebruikte de VS ex-nazi collaborateurs uit o.a. Oekraïne in de strijd tegen het communisme, tijdens de destijds al bestaande Koude Oorlog……. 

Onbegrijpelijk dat de EU, de NAVO en de VS (al is dat uiteindelijk de baas van de NAVO) Oekraïne steunen, men moet overal in het westen weten, dat de uiterst corrupte juntaleider Porosjenko* in feite een neonazi is……. Dezelfde Porosjenko die door de VS (destijds onder minister van BuZa Hillary Clinton) in het zadel is geholpen, nadat men een opstand in dat land organiseerde….. De VS trok daar ‘maar liefst’ 4 miljard dollar voor uit…….

Terug naar de FBI aanklacht: deze luidt dat het Azov bataljon de VS fascisten heeft getraind
en geradicaliseerd…… ha! ha! ha! ha! ha! Hoe kan je de neonazi’s
in de VS nog verder radicaliseren? Dat fascistische geteisem is
jaarlijks goed voor vele doden in de VS……. 

Het
laatste is ook de enige kritiek die ik heb op het hieronder opgenomen
artikel van Max Blumenthal, eerder gepubliceerd op MintPress News,
Een uitgebreid artikel waarin Blumenthal volkomen terecht waarschuwt
voor de groeiende macht van de fascisten in de VS en Europa……. Uit zijn artikel blijkt eens te meer dat de VS de neonazi’s in Oekraïne steunt, dezelfde VS die Israël keer op keer uit de wind houdt en critici van Israël verwijdt antisemitisch te zijn, terwijl de door haar gesteunde neonazi’s in Oekraïne ronduit de schurft hebben aan Joden……… (overigens: ook Israël zou de neonazi-junta in Oekraïne steunen……)

In de EU
kan je stellen dat Hongarije, Roemenië, Polen, Italië en Oostenrijk
een fascistische regering hebben…… Waar tegelijkertijd in de andere Oost-Europese
landen en de rest van de EU het fascisme met elke verkiezing groeit,
de enige uitzondering is Groot-Brittannië, waar Ukip verloor bij
de laatste verkiezingen. (echter het is maar de vraag hoe de volgende
verkiezingen daar zullen verlopen voor de fascisten, zeker als je
ziet dat het plan May, het Chequers plan of deal, de Britten in het
pak heeft genaaid, met een Brexit die geen Brexit meer is, maar een
lidmaatschap van de EU waar de Britten in feite niets meer te zeggen
hebben, maar zich wel aan de regels moeten houden……)

Het is dan ook de hoogste tijd dat linkse, ‘anarchistische’ en alternatieve krachten zich gaan organiseren tegen het fascisme, als het aan de EU of haar lidstaten ligt, gebeurt er niets, terwijl het fascisme in het (ook recente) verleden bewezen dood en verderf heeft verspreid over de wereld……. 

An
Inside Look at How US-Funded Fascists in Ukraine Mentor US White
Supremacists

Ukraine | Azov Nazi

November
15, 2018 at 7:12 pm

Written
by 
Max
Blumenthal

(MPN
Last month, an unsealed
 FBI
indictment
 of
four American white supremacists from the Rise Above Movement (RAM)
declared that the defendants had trained with Ukraine’s Azov
Battalion, a neo-Nazi militia officially incorporated into the
country’s national guard. The training took place after the white
supremacist gang participated in violent riots in Huntington Beach
and Berkeley, California and Charlottesville, Virginia in 2017.

The
indictment stated that the Azov Battalion “is believed to have
participated in training and radicalizing United States-based white
supremacy organizations.”

After
a wave of racist violence across America that culminated in the
massacre of twelve Jewish worshippers at a Pittsburgh synagogue, the
revelation that violent white supremacists have been traveling abroad
for training and ideological indoctrination with a well-armed
neo-Nazi militia should cause extreme alarm.

Not
only are white supremacists from across the West flocking to Ukraine
to learn from the combat experience of their fascist
brothers-in-arms, they are doing so openly — chronicling their
experiences on social media before they bring their lessons back
home. But U.S. law enforcement has done nothing so far to restrict
the flow of right-wing American extremists to Azov’s bases.

There
is one likely explanation for the U.S. government’s hands-off
approach to Azov recruitment: the extremist militia is fighting
pro-Russian separatists as a front-line proxy of Washington. In fact,
the United States has directly armed the Azov Battalion, forking over
anti-tank rocket launchers and even sending a team of Army officers
to meet in the field with Azov commanders in 2017.

Though
Congress 
passed
legislation
 this
year forbidding military aid to Azov on the grounds of its white
supremacist ideology, the Trump administration’s authorization of
$200 million in offensive weaponry and aid to the Ukrainian military
makes it likely new stores of weapons will wind up the extremist
regiment’s hands. When 
queried by
reporters about evidence of American military training of Azov
personnel, multiple U.S. army spokespersons admitted there was no
mechanism in place to prevent that from happening.

Today,
Azov boasts combat experience, unlimited access to light weapons, and
supporters honeycombed throughout the upper echelons of Ukraine’s
military and government. No longer just a militia, the organization
has developed into a political juggernaut that can overpower
Ukraine’s government. Two years ago, the group 
flexed
its muscle
 on
the streets of Kiev, bringing out 10,000 supporters to demand that
the government bend to their will or face a coup.

With
its military experience and weapons, Azov has the ability to
blackmail the government and defend themselves politically against
any opposition. They openly say that if the government will not
advance an ideology similar to theirs, they will overthrow it,”
Ivan Katchanovski, a professor of political science at the University
of Ottawa and leading expert on Ukraine’s far-right, commented to
me. He continued, explaining:Rusla

Currently
the organizations that are fascist are stronger in Ukraine than in
any other country in the world. But this fact is not reported by
Western media because they see these organizations as supportive of
the geopolitical agenda against Russia. So condemnations are limited
to violence or human rights abuses.”

The
revelations of collaboration between violent American white
supremacists and a neo-Nazi militia armed by the Pentagon add another
scandalous chapter to a long history of blowback that dates back to
the 1950’s, when the CIA rehabilitated several Ukrainian Nazi
collaborators as anti-communist assets in the Cold War.

The
almost unbelievable story exposes an axis of fascism that stretches
across the Atlantic, from the Ukrainian capital of Kiev to the
sun-washed suburbs of Southern California, where some of the most
rabid modern white supremacist gangs were born.

The
white nationalist Fight Club

This
October, four members of the RAM gang — Robert Rundo, Benjamin
Drake Daley, Michael Paul Mirelis, and Aaron Eason — were arrested
by FBI agents. They were accused of “using the internet to
encourage, promote, participate in, and carry out riots” from
Huntington Beach to Berkeley, California. Four other members had been
arrested in connection with their participation in the white
supremacist riot in Charlottesville, Virginia, where a
counter-protester, Heather Heyer, was killed in a vehicular homicide
by a white supremacist.

RAM
first appeared in the national limelight during a celebration of
Donald Trump’s election victory in Huntington Beach in March 2017.
As about one hundred far-right activists marched along the beach
donned in red “Make America Great Again” caps and waving Trump
flags, they were confronted by a small group of masked anti-racist
counter-demonstrators. When a melee ensued, RAM
members 
assaulted their
outnumbered opponents, pummeling them into submission and even
attacking a local reporter. Afterwards, Orange County
police 
arrested several
anti-racist demonstrators, but the RAM gang walked free.

RAM
markets itself as a self-defense organization that protects the free
speech of white Americans against an onslaught of “Cultural
Marxism,”  a classic anti-Semitic trope. Its founders
emphasize a vaguely anti-consumerist Fight Club mentality along with
a rigorous dedication to mixed martial arts. Its co-founder, Rundo,
operates an online clothing and apparel company,
Right
Brand Clothing, that hawks slickly designed t-shirts promoting

European
Brotherhood
,”
stickers emphasizing a straight-edge “
nationalist
lifestyle
,”
and 
ethically
sourced
 designer
Demagogue
pants

(yes, white supremacists apparently care about sweatshops). RAM
members can be seen at the site modeling their gear with a clean-cut
“fashy” look that contrasts sharply with the stereotypical image
of skinheads in jackboots.

RAM’s
careful attention to its public image has not stopped its members
from putting their crude neo-Nazi ideology on display at rallies,
however. During the Huntington Beach riot, for example, RAM’s
Robert Boman was seen waving a sign reading “Da Goyim Know.” This
alt-right slogan refers to the white nationalist understanding of the
supposed Jewish plot to dominate the world.

Rise Above Movement | Da Goyim Know

Screenshot
| YouTube

I’m
a big supporter of the Fourteen, I’ll say that,” RAM’s Rundo
proclaimed into a camera in Huntington Beach. The gang leader was
referring to the notorious 14-word slogan coined by convicted white
supremacist terrorist David Lane, which has become a rallying cry for
fascists across the globe: “We must secure the existence of our
people and a future for white children.”

Two
months after the violence in Huntington Beach, two RAM members
were 
photographed in
the same spot dousing literature they dubbed as “Cultural Marxist”
with lighter fluid and setting it ablaze. Among the volumes they
torched were “The Diary of Anne Frank,” “The 9/11 Commission
Report,” and “Schindler’s List.” Besides evoking memories of
the early days of Nazi Germany, the spectacle cast the group’s
purported devotion to free speech in an extremely ironic light.

Rise Above Movement

Photo
| Northern California Anti-Racist Action

Following
RAM’s highly publicized street battles, the group became the
subject of intense media scrutiny. In October 2017, the investigative
outlet ProPublica produced a 
video that
exposed the identities of RAM’s core membership and wondered why
they had not been investigated by law enforcement for their violent
actions in Huntington Beach and elsewhere.

But
the media coverage of RAM glossed over the group’s attraction to a
burgeoning trans-Atlantic conglomeration of white supremacists that
centered on U.S.-allied Ukraine as the base for a fascist reconquest
of Europe. By the Spring of 2018, RAM leadership was barnstorming
through Germany and Italy and heading east to meet fascist cohorts
from across the West at a conference in Kiev.

RAM’s
Ukrainian hate-cation

Buried
in the FBI indictment of RAM members are details of their meetings
with one of the key figures in Ukraine’s neo-Nazi Azov Battalion
militia.

In
August, according to the indictment, RAM members published photos on
Instagram showing themselves meeting with Olena Semanyaka, the leader
of the international department of the Ukrainian National Corps,
which functions as a civilian arm of the Azov Battalion:

 Rise Above Movement | Ukraine

The
indictment also referenced a video of RAM co-founder Benjamin Drake
Daley performing a crossed-forearm salute to the Southern
California-based white supremacist Hammerskin gang while in Ukraine:

 Rise Above Movement | Ukraine

RAM’s
Gab account provides additional details of the group’s 
foray
through Ukraine
 this
May. The trip centered around the Paneuropa conference, an event that
brings together fascists from across the West to encourage
international collaboration. It is hosted at the Reconquista Club in
Kiev, and included an MMA competition.

One
of our guys has hadthe honor to be the first American to compete in
the pan european organization Reconquista in Ukraine!”
RAM 
declared on
its Gab account. “This was a great experience meeting
nationalist[s] that came [sic] as far as Portugal and Switzerland to
take part.”

Rise Above Movement | Ukraine MMA

Robert
Rundo, left, of the Rise Above Movement competes at Azov’s
Reconquista Club in Kiev, Ukraine. Photo | Gab

The
visit, which followed on the heels of meetings with white
supremacists in Germany and with Italy’s fascist CasaPound party,
highlighted the centrality of Ukraine to international fascist
organizing. Further, the Paneuropa conference, where fascists build
connections across national borders, revealed the Azov Battalion as
much more than a militia fighting for control of a sliver of
contested territory in eastern Ukraine.

Semanyaka
did not respond to an interview request delivered through Facebook
messenger; however, she 
told
Radio Free Europe’s
 Christopher
Miller that RAM “came to learn our ways” and showed interest in
learning how to create youth forces in the way Azov has.

Today,
Azov leaders openly acknowledge that were it not for the U.S.-backed
coup that unfolded in Kiev’s Maidan Square in 2014, their
organization would never have developed into the powerhouse it is. As
Semanyaka said this year, according to a 
summary:

The
Ukrainian nationalist movement would have never reached such a level
of development unless the war with Russia had begun. For the first
time since the Second World War, nationalist formations have managed
to create their own military wings, the brightest example being the
Azov regime of the National Guard of Ukraine.”

The
right-wing revolution on the Maidan

The
2013-14 Maidan revolt was the cataclysmic event that Ukraine’s
already potent ultra-nationalist camp had been waiting for. The
protests erupted in Kiev’s Maidan Square after the democratically
elected President Viktor Yanukovych refused to sign an economic
association agreement with the EU. Celebrated in the West as a
pro-Western movement guided by tech-savvy middle-class youth,
EuroMaidan depended heavily for its success on phalanxes of
black-masked hardmen from Right Sector (see appendix at bottom), an
ultra-nationalist party that did battle with the government’s
Berkut riot police.

Along
with Right Sector, the leadership of the far-right Svoboda Party
assumed a prominent role at the Maidan, dubbing the protests a
“Revolution of Dignity.” Svoboda co-founder Oleh Tyahnybok —
who had once 
demanded an
investigation of the “Jewish-Muscovite mafia” that he saw
controlling Ukraine — appeared on stage at the square 
beside U.S.
Senators John McCain and Chris Murphy when they arrived to encourage
the protesters.

Another
key figure in Ukraine’s neo-Nazi scene was Andriy Biletsky. A
university Ph.D. who stressed physical violence as a means to
revolutionary change, Biletsky led the Patriot of Ukraine militia, an
early forerunner of Azov that attacked migrant camps and menaced
foreigners. In a manifesto published during the height of the Maidan
clashes, Biletsky outlined his post-revolutionary agenda: “The
historic mission of our nation in this critical moment is to lead the
White Races of the world in a final crusade for their survival,”
he 
wrote.
“A crusade against the Semite-led Untermenschen.”


Ukaine | Right Sector

Members
of the Right Sector practice street fighting in central Kiev,
Ukraine, Feb. 3, 2014. Darko Bandic | AP


In
May 2014, Right Sector and an assortment of far-right forces banded
together to 
massacre their
opponents in Odessa, attacking a pro-separatist protest camp with
iron pipes then 
burning
the fleeing protesters alive
 after
they took shelter in a local trade union building. Over 40
pro-separatist Ukrainian citizens were consumed in the flames. The
U.S. and EU studiously looked the other way, legitimizing the
violence and setting the stage for more.

Behind
the scenes, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Victoria Nuland and
Ambassador Geoffrey Pyatt were carefully 
stage
managing
 the
opposition, positioning the pliable Arseniy Yatsenyuk as the future
leader of a U.S. client-state. Meanwhile, billionaire-backed U.S.
soft-power entities like the 
Omidyar
Network
 and Open
Society Foundation
 plowed
money into the opposition, providing it with high-tech organizing
capacity and establishing new media outlet 
Hromadske overnight.

Given
the amount of U.S. investment in regime change in Ukraine, it was
necessary for American pundits who cheered on the operation to
downplay or simply deny the central role neo-Nazi forces played in
making it all possible. In perhaps the most absurd attempt at
whitewashing the fascist presence, the neoconservative pundit James
Kirchick described Right Sector in an article for 
Foreign
Affairs
 as
Putin’s
imaginary Nazis
.”
Meanwhile, groups like the Anti-Defamation League — which
supposedly exist to battle anti-Semitism — 
refused to
support a congressional effort to ban arms to groups affiliated with
Right Sector, because “the focus should be on Russia.”

With
all the cover he needed from Washington, Biletsky organized the
“imaginary Nazis” of Patriot of Ukraine, Right Sector, and
assorted football ultras into a real militia called the Azov
Battalion. Together, they fought under the neo-Nazi Wolfsangel
symbol, which also happens to be incorporated into the 
logo of
the U.S.-based Aryan Nations.

On
the frontlines of eastern Ukrainian flashpoints, Azov did battle with
Russian-speaking separatists and set up 
government-sponsored
indoctrination camps
 for
children and teens closer to the country’s interior, instructing
ten year olds on marksmanship and the evils of foreigners.

Azan
was subsequently absorbed into Ukraine’s military as a national
guard unit, and began appearing in the field with PSRL-1 rocket
launchers 
supplied under
the watch of the U.S. Department of Defense. In November 2017, Azov
leadership received a team of U.S. Army officers for training and
logistical discussions (see photo below and to the right).

Azov Nazi

Members
of the Azov Battalion display the Nazi salute, left. U.S. Army
officers visit the Azov Battalion in the field, right.

By
the time Congress approved a ban on arms to Azov this year, the Trump
administration had already 
authorized a
new shipment of offensive weapons to the Ukrainian military,
including advanced Javelin anti-tank missiles. As in Syria — where
the CIA-backed Free Syrian Army functioned as a de facto “weapons
farm” for jihadist groups, including Jabhat al-Nusra and ISIS —
any new U.S. arms are likely to wind up in the possession of Azov,
the congressional ban notwithstanding.

It’s
very corrupt in Ukraine and money can be stolen — the same as in
Syria where extremist fighters got guns from U.S.-backed units,”
said Katchanovski. “Azov can just establish new political fronts so
they can circumvent the U.S. prohibitions.”

Foreign
fighters for fascism

The
Azov Battalion has received not only U.S. weapons, but also volunteer
American military veterans like Brian Boyenger. “It’s not
illegal,” Boyenger 
told Ukraine
Today
 interviewer
of his presence in an Azov camp. “From a U.S. perspective, as long
as you’re not fighting with a terrorist group or committing war
crimes or things like that. It is legal — mostly I’ve been
serving as kind of like an advisor.”

Azov
has also 
welcomed
Islamist fighters
 from
Chechnya to continue their long war against Russia in a new theater.
A sniper from Sweden with “
typical
neo-Nazi views
,”
Mikael Skillt, has been assigned to oversee an entire Azov regiment.
And neo-Nazis from 
as
far away as Brazil
 have
flocked to Ukraine to join the fascist crusade. One foreign fighter
from France, a young anti-Semite named Gregoire Moutaux, returned
from a Ukrainian militia camp in 2016 “
armed
to the teeth and ready to strike

synagogues, mosques and the 2016 soccer championships when he was
arrested on the Ukrainian border by national police.

To
consolidate its political influence over the country, the Azov
Battalion established a National Druzhina, or street patrol unit. A
slickly produced 
recruitment
video
 released
in 2017 featured drone footage of National Druzhina members marching
in formation into Kiev as Biletsky, their ideological guide, impelled
them to “restore Ukrainian order” to a corrupted society. The
street patrol was openly backed by Interior Minister Arsen Avakov, a
powerful patron of Azov who belongs to the ruling party of Ukrainian
President Petro Poroshenko.

This
year, the National Druzhina and state-funded neo-Nazi militias like
C14 (the “14” represents the notorious “fourteen words”
mantra) staged a serie of 
lethal pogroms against
the local Roma population, 
vandalized the
offices of insufficiently pliant politicians, 
stormed city
council meetings, and even 
suedthe Hromadske station
that was established with U.S. funding for describing their members
as neo-Nazis.

Their
connection to power is why they can commit any crime and they will
never be punished,” Katchanovski said of Azov and its various
street-muscle brigades. “Because they have the police and senior
police members like [Vadym] Troyan, they can intimidate people and
intimidate politicians with impunity.” (Once a member of Azov,
Troyan now serves as Ukraine’s 
Deputy
Minister of Interior
).

The
U.S. has not only kept silent about the wave of ultra-nationalist
violence sweeping across Ukraine, it has been complicit in
legitimizing the perpetrators. This November, America House Kyiv —
a U.S. government-funded cultural center — 
hosted
a speech
 by
a uniformed leader of the neo-Nazi C14 gang, Serhiy Bondar. Months
earlier, Republican House Majority Leader Paul Ryan and the
NATO-funded Atlantic Council 
hosted Andriy
Parubiy, the speaker of the Ukrainian parliament and co-founder of
the fascist Social-National party, for a friendly exchange on Capitol
Hill.

C14 Ukraine

Serhiy
Bondar, a member of Ukraine’s neo-Nazi C14 militia, is hosted by
the U.S.-funded America House in Kiev. Screenshot | YouTube

Given
the free rein and open acceptance right-wing extremists enjoy in
post-Maidan Ukraine, it is no wonder the country has become a haven
for fascists from across the West.

The
grand Reconquista strategy

As
the international secretary of Azov’s National Corps, Olena
Semanyaka has emerged as one of the most prolific publicists of
Eastern European fascism. With jet black hair and a faintly gothic
look, she brands herself as a “traditionalist,” emulating her
hero, Julius Evola, the late Italian occultist philosopher who
espoused a “racism of the spirit.” Though she has been
photographed bearing a Nazi flag and throwing up a sieg heil salute,
Semanyaka has also been a 
welcome
guest
 on
Ukrainian nationalist TV to promote her campaign for the release of
Ukrainian nationalist activists held by Russia.

Semanya Nazi Ukraine

Semanya,
upper left corner of Nazi flag, dispalys the Nazi salute. On the
right, Semanyaka is shown during an appearance on Ukrainian state TV.

In
her role with Azov, Semanyaka organizes conferences aimed at
popularizing the concept of “the great European Reconquista” —
a pan-European fascist-nationalist takeover that begins in the former
Soviet satellite states and ultimately sweeps through Western Europe
on the strength of anti-foreigner resentment.

Semanyaka laid
out
 the
fascist grand strategy in Kiev at a December 2016 gathering of Black
Metal fans from across Europe called the “
Pact
of Steel
”:

For
the first time [in] a long period, the success of the Right in
Western Europe — the rise of the Right because of refugee influx
and terror — gives the chance for the realization of our ‘pact of
steel’ between East and West, between Western and Eastern European
nationalists.”

She
continued:

Our
main task today is to show to Western nationalists, to inform them
that Putin’s Russia is no alternative to the EU of the West and
that the only ally for them is an alternative axis of European
integration which is being formed now in Kiev, Central and Eastern
Europe, as a springboard for the all-European reconquest, for the new
Europe between the EU and neo-Soviet neo-Bolshevik Putin’s Russia.”

Semanyaka
and other Ukrainian fascist ideologues refer to the regional
springboard for the European reconquest as the “Intermarium.”
This is a concept originally envisioned after World War One by Polish
military leader Jozef Pilsudski, who imagined a confederation of
countries from the Baltic to the Black Sea as a counter-weight to
German and Russian aggression. Though his idea never materialized,
Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the failure of the EU and
NATO to prevent it revived interest in the Intermarium. One of the
biggest boosters of the alliance, the right-wing Polish President
Andrzej Duda, saw it primarily through the prism of regional
security. The extreme right in Ukraine, however, understood the
Intermarium as an ethnically pure base for exporting their revolution
to the rest of Europe.

The
first Intermarium 
conference was
held in Kiev in January 2016 under the banner of Azov’s National
Corps. Semanyaka headlined the event alongside Biletsky, the Azov
founder, welcoming far-right activists from Poland and the Baltic
States. Within a year, the concept was promoted at an 
officially
sanctioned event
 at
the Latvian embassy in Kiev. There, the Latvian ambassador welcomed a
who’s who of the Ukrainian fascist scene, from Svoboda to National
Corps representatives like Semanyaka, for a ceremony honoring Peter
Radzins, a Latvian general who advocated for the Intermarium.

Organized
by Latvia’s far-right National Alliance party, a member of the
country’s governing coalition, the spectacle provided Azov leaders
with the sheen of international legitimacy. As Matthew Kott, an
academic expert on the European far-right, 
argued,
Latvia’s “membership in the EU and NATO allows it to act as a
Trojan horse for increasing the clout of the far-right in the
Euro-Atlantic community.”

While
historical tensions between the Intermarium nations are still
simmering, Semanyaka has pleaded with her international allies to
heed the call of the late pro-Hitler British Blackshirt leader Oswald
Mosley for a “great act of oblivion…of all our former struggles,
conflicts, historical enmity. What we need,” she argued, “is the
revival of a sense of the new European aristocracy, a new European
unity as a real basis for the union I am talking about.”

There
are no historical grievances between American white supremacists and
their cohorts in Ukraine. After all, the U.S. government has made
itself the main guarantor of Ukraine’s security, going as far as
directly arming Azov in its bid to bleed Russia. And decades before
the U.S. backed extremists in contemporary Ukraine, the CIA ran a
program to rehabilitate former Nazi collaborators from the country as
anti-communist intelligence assets. Backing Ukrainian fascists is a
grand American tradition, indeed.

This
November, during the latest 
Paneuropa
conference
 organized
by Semanyaka as a safe space for fascists from across the West, she
played host to one of the most prominent self-styled intellectuals of
America’s white nationalist movement, Greg Johnson.

Azov Nazi Ukraine

Gregory
Johnson promotes his “White Nationalist Manifesto” at Azov’s
Reconquista Club in Kiev, Nov. 2018. Screenshot | YouTube

I
think that what’s happening in Ukraine is a model and an
inspiration for nationalists of all white nations and I wanted to
learn as much as possible about what you’re doing here and see as
much as possible,” Johnson 
told his
rapt audience. “And I’m enormously impressed and I’m taking
notes.”

Johnson
is a highbrow racist who publishes a journal, 
Counter-Currents,
that advances what he calls “white identity politics.” Like the
Rise Above Movement leaders before him, he was clearly inspired by
his visit to Kiev. “I’m already planning to come back,”
Johnson 
exclaimed during
a break-out session. “I’m very impressed with what I’ve seen
here. I want to come back and learn more.”

APPENDIX

Svoboda
Party
: Originally called the Social-National Party of Ukraine, a
Ukrainian political party with long history of anti-Semitism. Led
by Oleh Tyahnybok, Svoboda played a prominent role in the
2013-2014 Maidan uprising, where Tyahnybok shared the stage with U.S.
Senators John McCain (R-AZ) and Chris Murphy (D-CT). Andriy
Parubiy
, who had co-founded the Social-National Party of Ukraine,
is now Speaker of Parliament.

Azov
Battalion
: 3,000-member neo-Nazi formation in Ukraine’s
National Guard. Azov began as a paramilitary, originally formed out
of the Patriot of Ukraine neo-Nazi gang led by Andriy
Biletsky,
 and is now a Ukrainian National Guard unit. The
battalion’s logo incorporates the neo-Nazi Wolfsangel and black sun
symbols. Biletsky is now a member of Ukrainian Parliament. Vadim
Troyan
, another  Azov veteran, is now Deputy Interior
Minister.

Ukrainian
National Corps
: Azov’s civilian arm, responsible, among other
things, for coordinating with and recruiting neo-Nazis and white
supremacists from around the world. The international outreach is led
by Olena Semanyka, who’s been photographed with a
swastika flag.

National
Druzhina
: Azov’s street patrol organization, established in
January 2018 with the aim of “restoring Ukrainian order” to the
streets. The National Druzhina — whose members pledge personal
loyalty to Biletsky — has been involved in pogroms against the
Roma, LGBT, and other activists.

Right
Sector
: Loose formation of neo-Nazis and football ultras, which
supplied street muscle to the 2013-2014 Maidan uprising. Later
involved in lethal suppression of anti-Maidan movements in places
like Odessa.

C14:
Ukrainian neo-Nazi gang that receives government funding and has been
responsible for some of the lethal Roma pogroms as well as anti-LGBT
violence. The 14 is a reference to the Fourteen Word slogan of white
supremacy. Led by Serhiy Bondar, who spoke at America
House, a cultural center funded by the U.S. government.

By Max
Blumenthal
 /
Republished with permission / 
MintPress
News
 / Report
a typo
 

=====================================

* De Porosjenko kliek heeft al vele kapitalen aan EU gelden verdonkeremaand, terwijl het land zo goed als failliet is…… Porosjenko schijnt ook in Nederland bankrekeningen te hebben, waar veel van zijn middels diefstal verkregen geld is gestald……. (uiteraard tegen een zeer voordelig belastingtarief) Deze noot heb ik na plaatsing verbeterd, de zin zat enigszins krom in elkaar.

Voor meer berichten over Oekraïne en andere zaken in het bovenstaande, klik op de betreffende labels, direct onder dit bericht (jammer genoeg mag ik maar 200 tekens gebruiken voor die labels). Let wel: na een aantal berichten wordt het laatst getoonde herhaalt, dan even opnieuw op het betreffende label onder dat laatst gelezen bericht klikken.

Oekraïne, wat de reguliere (massa-) media, ‘deskundigen’ en politici u niet vertellen over dit door een junta geregeerd land

Mint
Press News publiceerde gisteren een lang artikel van Darius
Shahtahmasebi over Oekraïne en wat de massamedia (zogenaamd onafhankelijk) u niet vertellen.
Dezelfde media die keer op keer volhouden dat Rusland de VS
presidentsverkiezingen, het Brexit-referendum, het
onafhankelijkheidsreferendum van Catalonië enz. hebben
gemanipuleerd, zonder daar ook maar één steekhoudend bewijs voor te
leveren.

Voor die
zogenaamde Russische bemoeienis wordt ook het beest Trump als
mededader genoemd, terwijl we telkens weer zien, dat Trump
allesbehalve een pro-Russische beleid voert, iets dat Shahtahmasebi
in het volgende artikel uit en te na bewijst.

In het
artikel o.a. De volgende feiten:

  • De
    door de VS georganiseerde opstand in Oekraïne, die tot de
    succesvolle staatsgreep tegen de democratisch gekozen president
    Janoekovytsj moest leiden en leidde, waarna de VS een door haar
    gewilde junta installeerde (met bewijzen van gesprekken daarover
    tussen Nuland (staatssecretaris BuZa onder Obama) en Pyatt, destijds
    ambassadeur voor de VS in Oekraïne ….. Overigens was de VS al
    vanaf 2011 bezig met de voorbereidingen tot die opstand, onder
    eindverantwoording van Hillary Clinton (en Obama), de toenmalige minister van
    Buitenlandse Zaken. Deze coup en de voorbereidingen heeft de VS meer
    dan 4 miljard dollar gekost…… Intussen is duidelijk geworden dat
    Porosjenko ongelofelijk corrupt is en er intussen nog geen 15% van
    de bevolking achter deze juntaleider staat………

  • De
    VS levert zware wapens aan Oekraïne, waarmee de VS de
    ‘burgeroorlog’ in Oekraïne verder aanwakkert en Rusland voor het
    blok zet…. Immers de burgers in Oost-Oekraïne, die niet wensen te
    leven onder de neonazi-dictatuur van Porosjenko, worden al een paar
    jaar gebombardeerd door de neonazi-bataljons van Porosjenko. Rusland
    zou vechten in Oekraïne, een belachelijke weergave van de
    werkelijkheid >> wanneer dit een feit zou zijn, waren deze
    neonazi-bataljons al lang het gebied uit gewerkt. Met deze nieuwe VS
    wapens wordt het steeds moeilijker voor Rusland niet de burgers in
    Oost-Oekraïne te hulp te schieten met militaire hulp……..

  • Het
    door de VS ondersteunen van neonazi’s in Oekraïne. Voordat
    Porosjenko door de VS werd geparachuteerd als ‘president’ van
    Oekraïne, werkte hij al voor BuZa in Washington, hij werd in de VS
    zelfs ‘onze mol’ in Oekraïne genoemd….. Dit alles terwijl de VS
    zogenaamd opkomt voor democratie, waar dit ‘land’ bij herhaling
    democratisch gekozen regeringen aan de kant laat zetten en het
    liefst laat vervangen door fascisten…. Naast Oekraïne: Chili in 1973
    en Honduras in 2009, verder een reeks Midden- en Zuid-Amerikaanse
    landen voor en na 1973, waar de VS uiteraard dikke steun
    verleende aan deze fascistische mensenrechten schendende junta’s……. Voorts nog de staatsgrepen tegen: Syrië (een mislukte poging),
    Brazilië (de staatsgreep tegen president Dilma Rousseff), Libië en
    Iran (waar de staatsgrepen tegen de Braziliaanse president Rousseff
    en president Assad van Syrië, alweer gericht waren tegen democratisch
    gekozen regeringen…….). Om te besluiten met Venezuela waartegen de VS al een aantal jaren een economische oorlog voert en gewelddadige groepen steunt, dit met de opzet president Maduro af te zetten…..

  • De
    uitbreiding van de NAVO, tegen de afspraken in, die in 1991 met
    Gorbatsjov werden gemaakt….. Het niet uitbreiden van de NAVO was zelfs de eis van Gorbatsjov, voor het akkoord gaan met de hereniging van Oost- en
    West-Duitsland……..

Mensen lezenm dit met feiten onderbouwde artikel van
Shahtahmasebi en geeft het door!

What
Trump Is Doing in Ukraine Proves the Mainstream Media Doesn’t Know
Sh*t

January
9, 2018 at 9:38 am

Written
by 
Darius
Shahtahmasebi

The
Russia-obsessed corporate media continues to peddle the narrative
that Donald Trump has turned the United States into a client-state of
Russia, even while he directly provokes the former Soviet Union by
providing Russia’s foe — Urkaine — with the largest lethal
assistance to a country on its border.

(MPN) — Despite
the mainstream media’s 
insistence that
U.S. President Donald Trump is some sort of compromised Russian
lackey, the fact is that at the end of last year, his
 administration
approved
 the
largest U.S. commercial sale of lethal defensive weapons to Ukraine
since 2014. This is a move that clearly
 infuriates
and angers
 Russia,
souring relations between the two countries even more so than
they
 already
had been
 under
the Obama administration (and in
 various
stages
 throughout
Trump’s first year in office).

According to The
Washington Post
,
administration officials confirmed that in December the State
Department had approved a commercial license authorizing the export
of Model M107A1 Sniper Systems, ammunition, and other associated
parts and accessories to Ukraine — a package valued at $41.5
million.

At
first, it was reported there had not yet been approval to export the
heavier weaponry the Ukrainian government had been asking for, such
as anti-tank missiles. However, by the end of

December, reports began
surfacing that the Trump administration was in fact going to
provide 35 FGM-148 Javelin launchers and 210 anti-tank missiles.
The Javelin is allegedly one of the most advanced anti-tank systems
on the market. The total package is now valued at $47 million, and it
wouldn’t be surprising if this figure continues to rise in the
weeks to come.

Even
under the 
2014
Ukraine Freedom Support Act
,
the Obama administration never authorized large commercial or
government arms sales, thereby making the recent announcement the
first time that the U.S. will provide “lethal” weapons to the
Ukraine military.

One
senior congressional official said that he predicted this would be
just the beginning, stating that the U.S. had “
crossed
the Rubicon; this is lethal weapons and I predict more will be
coming,”
 according
to the 
PostForeign
Policy’s
 Michael
Carpenter 
suggested that
NATO countries should follow suit and also provide Ukraine with the
arms it needs to counter the so-called threat of Russia. Considering
that in September 2017 Russia proposed that UN peacekeepers
be 
deployed to
Ukraine, it should be clear that the U.S. is more bent on escalating
this conflict than on resolving it.

Russia
has already 
responded in
kind, with Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov stating that the
U.S. has become an accomplice in the war and that these developments
make it impossible for Russia to remain “indifferent,” thereby
forcing Russia to consider retaliation measures in response.

The
U.S. is the
 world’s
largest arms dealer
.
The U.S. arms so many countries so much of the time that most of us
barely blink. And yet, even taking at face value America’s stated
goals of spreading democracy and promoting human rights, the facts on
the ground appear to run contrary to those ideals and the U.S. is
well aware of these contradictions.

In
reality, the United States intervened covertly in Ukraine in 2014
because Russia and Europe were 
growing
far too close to each other for America’s comfort
,
with Russia supplying at least 30 percent of Europe’s gas supply.
This was an issue particularly in relation to 
Germany’s
growing fondness for Russian gas
,
as Germany is set to 
become
the EU’s major player
.

This
is a deal-breaker for Washington, which would rather support 
known
neo-Nazis
 and
anti-Semites in order to install a right-wing government capable of
opposing Russia as close to the Russian border as one can get.

U.S.
Installed a Puppet Government in Ukraine

John
McCain, center, speaks as Connecticut senator Chris Murphy, second
left, and Opposition leader Oleh Tyahnybok, right, stand around him
during a rally in Kiev, Ukraine, Dec. 15, 2013. (AP/Dmitry Lovetsky)

On
February 7, 2014, the BBC published a
 transcript of
a bugged phone conversation between Assistant Secretary of State
Victoria Nuland and the U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine, Geoffrey Pyatt.
In this phone call, the U.S. officials were openly discussing who
should form Ukraine’s government even before the president, Viktor
Yanukovych, had been successfully 
ousted
from power
.
In other words, the U.S. was actively doing to Russia’s neighbour
what the corporate media and various elements of the intelligence
communities have accused Russia of doing to the U.S. during the 2016
elections. As 
The
Nation
 explained:

In
the intercepted phone call between U.S. Assistant Secretary of State
for European Affairs Victoria Nuland and U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine
Geoffrey Pyatt, the two were, as Russian expert 
Stephen
Cohen
 put
it to Democracy Now, 
plotting
a coup d’état against the elected president of
Ukraine.’” 
[emphasis
added]

Good.
I don’t think Klitsch [opposition leader Vitaly Klitschko] should
go into the government. I don’t think it’s necessary, I don’t
think it’s a good idea,”  Nuland said in the call, as
transcribed by the BBC.

Pyatt
responded:

Yeah.
I guess… in terms of him not going into the government, just let
him stay out and do his political homework and stuff. I’m just
thinking in terms of sort of the process moving ahead we want to keep
the moderate democrats together. The problem is going to be Tyahnybok
[Oleh Tyahnybok, an opposition leader] and his guys and I’m sure
that’s part of what [President Viktor] Yanukovych is calculating on
all this.”

Nuland
added:

I
think Yats [opposition leader Arseniy Yatseniuk] is the guy who’s
got the economic experience, the governing experience. He’s the…
what he needs is Klitsch and Tyahnybok on the outside. He needs to be
talking to them four times a week, you know. I just think Klitsch
going in… he’s going to be at that level working for Yatseniuk,
it’s just not going to work.”

Oleh
Tyahnybok, who had met with Senator John McCain
 one
year prior
,
is the leader of the right-wing nationalist party Svoboda. When
Svoboda was founded in 1995, the party
 had a
swastika-like logo. As 
Business
Insider
 explains,
Tyahnybok is also a known anti-Semite:

Tyahnybok
himself was expelled from the Our Ukraine parliamentary faction in
2004 after giving a speech 
demanding
that Ukrainians fight against a
 ‘Muscovite-Jewish
mafia’ (he later clarified 
this
by saying that he actually had Jewish friends
 and
was only against to ‘a group of Jewish oligarchs who control
Ukraine and against Jewish-Bolsheviks [in the past]’). In 2005 he
wrote open letters demanding Ukraine do more to halt ‘criminal
activities’ of ‘organized Jewry,’ and, even now, Svoboda openly
calls for Ukrainian citizens to have their ethnicity printed onto
their passports.”

When
the protests broke out in Ukraine in 2014, the entire movement was
hijacked by these racist elements.

You’d
never know from most of the reporting that far-right nationalists and
fascists have been at the heart of the protests and attacks on
government buildings,” reported Seumas Milne of 
The
Guardian
. Just
days ago,
 thousands
marched
 in
Kiev to celebrate the anniversary of far-right nationalist Stepan
Bandera’s birthday.

It
is revealing that, when the U.S. decided to make a choice between a
president they viewed as a Russian ally and the various ultra-right
nationalist elements of Ukraine, Washington decided to help oust the
former for the benefit of the latter.

The
State Department Promoting Neo-Nazism in Ukraine


A
photo of the Azov Battalion – a regiment of the National Guard of
Ukraine. (Photo: Twitter)

Eventually,
it was reported that a man named Petro Poroshenko would be taking up
the reins after Yanukovych’s abdication. According to a
cable 
obtained by
WikiLeaks, Poroshenko previously worked as a mole for the U.S. State
Department. The State Department even referred to Poroshenko as “our
Ukrainian insider.”

For
those who truly believe the U.S. protects and promotes democracy
while challenging tyranny and dictatorships across the globe, the
truth about Washington’s support for puppet regimes that fail to
garner the support of their own people is even worse than
any 
anti-imperialist
commentator
 could
ever have imagined. In March last year, 
Foreign
Affairs 
reported
that
 Poroshenko had
an approval rating as low as 
17
percent
.
In September last year, the 
Japan
Times
 reported that
his approval rating had dropped to a 
single
digit
.
Some
 reportssay
it was as low as 
2
percent
.
October last year saw his approval rating grow to its highest in
recent times,
 reaching a
stratospheric 
14
percent
.

In
other words, the Trump administration is actively propping up a
failed administration in Europe, which does not have the support of
15 percent of its people. Even the far-right militias in Ukraine
 seem
to have more support
 than
the current government. Meanwhile, the U.S. has done nothing but its
utmost to tear apart the respective democratically elected
governments in
 Syria and Iran, both
of which
 have
far 
greater
approval ratings
 than
do Poroshenko and his administration.

Russian
Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov
 said Washington’s
recent decision to arm Ukraine will only make the conflict more
deadly and suggested that Russia could be forced to respond. “[The
U.S. is] not a mediator. It’s an accomplice in fueling the war,”
Ryabkov said in a statement. Clearly, Russia has a vested interest in
not seeing another NATO ally on its borders, capable of pointing
American missiles in its face on a daily basis.

As The
National Interest
 learned at
the end of last year from recently
 declassified
material
, the
U.S. did indeed break a promise at the end of the Cold War that NATO
would expand “not one inch eastward.” George Washington
University National Security Archives researchers Svetlana
Savranskaya and Tom Blanton 
wrote
in the 
National
Security Archives
:

The
[recently declassified] documents show that multiple national leaders
were considering and rejecting Central and Eastern European
membership in NATO as of early 1990 and through 1991. That
discussions of NATO in the context of German unification negotiations
in 1990 were not at all narrowly limited to the status of East German
territory, and that subsequent Soviet and Russian complaints about
being misled about NATO expansion, were founded in written
contemporaneous memcons and telcons at the highest levels.”

The
documents appear to confirm Russia’s assertion that Soviet leader
Mikhail Gorbachev accepted the proposal for German reunification
(which Gorbachev could have vetoed) only in reliance upon these
assurances from its American counterparts that NATO would not expand
into Eastern Europe. This history is reminiscent of how Russia was
further duped out of using its veto power on a U.N. Security Council
Resolution in Libya in 2011, after having 
received
assurances
 that
the coalition would not pursue regime change.

I
believe that your thoughts about the role of NATO in the current
situation are the result of misunderstanding,” then-British Prime
Minister John Major 
told Gorbachev,
according to British Ambassador Rodric Braithwaite’s diary entry of
March 5, 1991
:

We
are not talking about strengthening of NATO. We are talking about the
coordination of efforts that is already happening in Europe between
NATO and the West European Union, which, as it is envisioned, would
allow all members of the European Community to contribute to enhance
[our] security.”

The
documents also show that Russia had received these assurances from a
number of other high-level officials. These officials included
then-Secretary of State James Baker; President George H.W. Bush; West
German Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher; West German
Chancellor Helmut Kohl; former CIA Director Robert Gates; French
leader Francois Mitterrand; Margaret Thatcher; British Foreign
Minister Douglas Hurd; and NATO Secretary-General Manfred Woerner.

U.S.
Army soldiers representing units participating in the the Anaconda-16
military exercise, attend the opening ceremony, in Warsaw, Poland,
Monday, June 6, 2016. Poland and some NATO members launched their
biggest ever exercise, involving some 31,000 troops in a show of
force to neighboring Russia.

Since
that time, NATO has clearly expanded into Europe to the detriment of
Russia. Since the end of the Cold War, NATO has grown to 
include the
Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia, Albania and Croatia,
and 
Montenegro.

These
developments are crucial because, when one is honest about America’s
infamous history since World War II, it is clear that NATO 
exists
as an entity
 only
to counter and contain Russian influence. Its sole purpose is to
oppose Russia at every corner and this is no secret even in the
corporate media.

According
to the 
Telegraph
,
NATO was formed in “Washington on 4th April, 1949 after the end of
the Second World War, largely to block Soviet expansion into Europe.”
This can be seen clearly in the complete rejection of the
Soviets’ 
attempt
to join NATO itself
 after
Joseph Stalin’s death.

In
a 2016 
interview
with 
The
New Yorker
,
 Douglas Lute, a former three-star general and then-U.S.
Ambassador to NATO also patently admitted that:

“…NATO
was founded on the premise of preventing an attack by the Soviet
Union in Central Europe, where the U.S. would have to come to the aid
of Europe … For the first forty years, NATO focussed on its
greatest risk—the threat that the Soviet Union posed to Western
European security.”

At
the time the unrest broke out in 2014, then-NATO Secretary General
Anders Fogh Rasmussen’s 
comment that
the proposed IMF-EU package presented to Ukraine would have been “a
major boost for Euro-Atlantic security” suggested that NATO had set
its sights on bringing Ukraine into the military alliance.
 In
July of this year
,
NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg met with Poroshenko in Kiev
to further discuss this prospect, already pledging support to Ukraine
on some level.

Now
Ukraine’s bid to join NATO seems almost irrelevant, as the U.S. is
formally involving itself deeper in the Ukrainian conflict and
providing arms to a regime that has flirted with an approval rating
lower than 10 percent, all the while provoking Russia to take further
measures in response.

What
could possibly go wrong?

Meanwhile,
the Russia-obsessed corporate media 
continues
to peddle the narrative
 that
Donald Trump has turned the United States into a client-state of
Russia, even while he directly provokes the former Soviet Union by
providing lethal assistance to a country on its border. Not only is
Trump maintaining an Obama-era policy, he is aggravating and
converting Obama’s Ukraine policy into a much more dangerous one —
ultimately aimed at provoking an aggressive response from Russia in
the weeks or months to come.

By Darius
Shahtahmasebi
 / Creative
Commons
 / MintPress
News
 / Report
a typo

Oekraïense neonazi uit het nieuwe parlement, heeft samen met 5 andere neonazi’s de directeur van het eerste Oekraïense tv station zeer gewelddadig overvallen……

Afgelopen dinsdag werd het hoofd van de eerste Oekraïense tv zender, Oleksandr Panteleymonov overvallen in zijn kantoor en zeer gewelddadig afgetuigd door een parlementslid van de neonazi partij Svoboda, Igor Miroshnichenko en 5 andere neonazi’s. Panteleymonov werd o.a. gedwongen een verklaring te tekenen, waarin hij toegaf pro-Russisch te zijn……… Igor Miroshnichenko is n.b. ook nog eens lid van het comité voor vrijheid van meningsuiting…….. Het geteisem durfde het geheel gefilmd en al op het internet te zetten……….

Leuk dat dit ook breed wordt uitgemeten in de westerse media, die bij de eerste beste scheet van Putin ‘op hun achterste benen staan……..’ En dan durven deze westerse pers-propagandisten voor de nieuwe Oekraïense regering nog te zeggen, dat de verhalen, dat neonazi’s het parlement van Oekraïne controleren, leugens zijn……

Het westen heeft het weer goed voor elkaar, net als na de illegale oorlog in Irak, of de bemoeienis met de gevechten in Libië…… Vanwege die laatstgenoemde belachelijke actie, is Libië totaal onbestuurbaar geworden, verkeert dat land in een langdurige burgeroorlog en moeten er nu Nederlandse militairen naar Mali. Een land waar net als in Libië, ook veel doden zijn gevallen en waar op grote schaal historische schatten zijn vernield……..

Bron: o.a. Amnesty USA

Voor uitgebreide onafhankelijke informatie, over wat er echt is gebeurd en gebeurt in Oekraïne, zie het blog van Stan van Houcke, de link vindt u onderaan deze pagina.