WikiLeaks
heeft een overheidsdocument van de VS gepubliceerd, waaruit blijkt dat
de economische oorlogsvoering van de VS tegen haar onwelgevallige
landen wordt uitgevoerd met gebruikmaking van het IMF, de Wereldbank
en de Organisatie voor Economische Samenwerking en Ontwikkeling (OESO,
in het hieronder opgenomen artikel de Engelse afkorting: OECD).
Kortom
de VS gebruikt voornoemde organisaties als wapen tegen landen waar
men een verandering van regime in het belang van de VS acht, zoals bij de
economische oorlogsvoering van de VS tegen het soevereine land Venezuela……
Economische
oorlogsvoering middels eerst nog redelijk bedekte druk op bedrijven
niet langer zo’n land te bevoorraden met hun producten, zoals VS
supermarkten en farmaceuten uit de VS in (voorbeeld) Venezuela….
Door die in feite boycot ontstaat er ontevredenheid onder het volk,
waar men hoopt dat deze tot een opstand leidt, waarna het afzetten
van een regering (of president) een stuk makkelijker wordt….. Als
de opstand groot genoeg is en de reguliere westerse media volkomen onterecht moord en
brand schreeuwen, worden er officiële sancties ingesteld, waar maar
al te vaak andere westerse landen aan meewerken, zoals in het geval
van Venezuela: Canada en de EU…….
Als
zelfs een coup in dat geval niet lukt gaat de VS maar al te vaak over
tot het opzetten en regisseren van een coup, desnoods middels een
militaire inval….. (in Colombia, het buurland van Venezuela, staan
zelfs NAVO troepen klaar om in te grijpen, bovendien stuurt de VS
5.000 militairen naar buurlanden van Venezuela….)
Het
bewuste document werd eerder in 2008 gepubliceerd door WikiLeaks. Het
is dan ook duidelijk waarom de VS de opstand in Oekraïne organiseerde
(door Hillary Clinton en de CIA) die in 2013 tot de afzetting van de
democratisch gekozen president Janoekovytsj leidde, waarna de zwaar
corrupte neonazi Porosjenko werd geïnstalleerd, de gewenste kandidaat
van de VS…..
Het
voorgaande daar de VS er niet kwam middels een economische
oorlogsvoering, immers Rusland steunde Oekraïne en Janoekovytsj weigerde
zijn land in het EU (en daarmee VS/NAVO) pak te laten naaien……
Eén en
ander werpt ook meer licht op de draai die de Griekse premier Tsipras
maakte en hij zijn land in feite overgaf aan de terreurtrojka bestaande uit het IMF, de ECB en de
Europese Commissie…….. (gegarandeerd dat de VS hem tevens dreigde met een coup, immers Rusland kwam in beeld als hulp voor de Griekse bevolking)
Lees het
volgende ontluisterende artikel van Whitney Webb, eerder gepubliceerd
op MintPress News en door mij overgenomen van Anti-Media:
WikiLeaks
Reveals US Military Use of IMF, World Bank as “Unconventional”
Weapons
February
7, 2019 at 9:30 am
Written
by Whitney
Webb
(MPN) —
In a leaked military manual on “unconventional warfare” recently
highlighted by WikiLeaks, the U.S. Army states that major global
financial institutions — such as the World Bank, International
Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD) — are used as unconventional, financial
“weapons in times of conflict up to and including large-scale
general war,” as well as in leveraging “the policies and
cooperation of state governments.”
The document,
officially titled “Field Manual (FM) 3-05.130, Army Special
Operations Forces Unconventional Warfare” and originally written in
September 2008, was recently
highlighted by
WikiLeaks on Twitter in light of recent events in Venezuela as well
as the years-long, U.S.-led economic siege of that country through
sanctions and other means of economic warfare. Though the document
has generated new interest in recent days, it had originally
been released by
WikiLeaks in December 2008 and has been described as the military’s
“regime change handbook.”
DOS=Department of State
IC=Intelligence Community
UWOA=UW operations area
ARSOF=US Army Special Operations Forceshttps://file.wikileaks.org/file/us-fm3-05-130.pdf …
WikiLeaks’
recent tweets on the subject drew attention to a single section of
the 248-page-long document, titled “Financial Instrument of U.S.
National Power and Unconventional Warfare.” This section in
particular notes that the U.S. government applies “unilateral and
indirect financial power through persuasive influence to
international and domestic financial institutions regarding
availability and terms of loans, grants, or other financial
assistance to foreign state and nonstate actors,” and specifically
names the World Bank, IMF and The Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as the Bank for
International Settlements (BIS), as “U.S. diplomatic-financial
venues to accomplish” such goals.
The
manual also touts the “state manipulation of tax and interest
rates” along with other “legal and bureaucratic measures” to
“open, modify or close financial flows” and further states that
the U.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) –
which oversees U.S. sanctions on other nations, like Venezuela —
“has a long history of conducting economic warfare valuable to any
ARSOF [Army Special Operations Forces] UW [Unconventional Warfare]
campaign.”
This
section of the manual goes on to note that these financial weapons
can be used by the U.S. military to create “financial incentives or
disincentives to persuade adversaries, allies and surrogates to
modify their behavior at the theater strategic, operational, and
tactical levels” and that such unconventional warfare campaigns are
highly coordinated with the State Department and the Intelligence
Community in determining “which elements of the human terrain in
UWOA [Unconventional Warfare Operations Area] are most susceptible to
financial engagement.”
The
role of these “independent” international financial institutions
as extensions of U.S. imperial power is elaborated elsewhere in the
manual and several of these institutions are described in detail in
an appendix to the manual titled “The Financial Instrument of
National Power.” Notably, the World Bank and the IMF are listed as
both Financial Instruments and Diplomatic Instruments of U.S.
National Power as well as integral parts of what the manual calls the
“current global governance system.”
Furthermore,
the manual states that the U.S. military “understand[s] that
properly integrated manipulation of economic power can and should be
a component of UW,” meaning that these weapons are a regular
feature of unconventional warfare campaigns waged by the United
States.
Another
point of interest is that these financial weapons are largely
governed by the National Security Council (NSC), which is currently
headed by John Bolton. The document notes that the NSC “has primary
responsibility for the integration of the economic and military
instruments of national power abroad.”
“Independent”
but controlled
Though
the unconventional warfare manual is notable for stating so openly
that “independent” financial institutions like the World Bank and
the IMF are essentially extensions of U.S. government power, analysts
have noted for decades that these institutions have consistently
pushed U.S. geopolitical goals abroad.
Indeed,
the myth of World Bank and IMF “independence” is quickly eroded
by merely looking at the structure and funding of each institution.
In the case of the World Bank, the institution is located in
Washington and the organization’s president has always been a U.S.
citizen chosen
directly by
the president of the United States. In the World Bank’s entire
history, the institution’s Board of Governors has never rejected
Washington’s pick.
This
past Monday, it was reported that President Donald
Trump nominated former
Bear Stearns economist David Malpass to lead the World Bank. Malpass
had famously failed to foresee the destruction of his former employer
during the 2008 financial crisis and is likely to limit World Bank
loans to China and to countries allied or allying with China, given
his well-established reputation as a China hawk.
In
addition to choosing its president, the U.S. is also the bank’s
largest shareholder,
making it the only member nation to have veto rights. Indeed, as the
leaked unconventional warfare manual notes, “As major decisions
require an 85% supermajority, the United States can block any major
changes” to World Bank policy or the services it offers.
Furthermore, the U.S. Treasury Secretary, former Goldman Sachs banker
and “foreclosure king,” Steve Mnuchin, functions as the World
Bank’s governor.
Though
the IMF is different from the World Bank in several respects, such as
its stated mission and focus, it too is largely dominated by U.S.
government influence and funding. For instance, the IMF is also based
in Washington and the U.S. is the company’s largest shareholder —
the largest by far, owning
17.46 percent of
the institution – and also pays the largest quota for the
institution’s maintenance, paying
$164 billion in
IMF financial commitments annually. Though the U.S. does not choose
the IMF’s top executive, it uses its privileged position as the
institution’s largest funder to control IMF policy by
threatening to withhold its
IMF funding if the institution does not abide by Washington’s
demands.
As
a consequence of the lopsided influence of the U.S. on these
institutions’ behavior, these organizations have used their loans
and grants to “trap” nations in debt and have imposed “structural
adjustment” programs on these debt-saddled governments that result
in the mass privatization of state assets, deregulation, and
austerity that routinely benefit foreign corporations over local
economies. Frequently, these very institutions – by pressuring
countries to
deregulate their financial sector and through corrupt
dealings with
state actors – bring about the very economic problems that they
then swoop in to “fix.”
Guaidó
hits up IMF
Given
the close relationship between the U.S. government and these
international financial institutions, it should come as little
surprise that – in Venezuela – the U.S.-backed “interim
president” Juan Guaidó – has already
requested IMF
funds, and thus IMF-controlled debt, to fund his parallel government.
This
is highly significant because it shows that top among Guaidó’s
objectives, in addition to privatizing Venezuela’s massive oil
reserves, is to again shackle the country to the U.S.-controlled debt
machine.
As
the Grayzone
Project recently
noted:
“Venezuela’s
previous elected socialist president, Hugo Chávez, broke ties
with the IMF and World Bank, which he noted were “dominated by US
imperialism.” Instead Venezuela and other left-wing governments in
Latin America worked together to co-found the Bank of the South,
as a counterbalance to the IMF and World Bank.”
However,
Venezuela is far from the only country in Latin America being
targeted by these financial weapons masquerading as “independent”
financial institutions. For instance, Ecuador – whose current
president has sought to bring the country back into Washington’s
good graces – has gone so far as to conduct an “audit” of its
asylum of journalist and WikiLeaks publisher Julian Assange in order
to win a
$10 billion bailout from
the IMF. Ecuador granted Assange asylum in 2012 and the U.S. has
fervently sought his extradition for still sealed charges ever since.
In
addition, last July, the U.S. threatened
Ecuador with
“punishing trade measures” if it introduced a measure at the UN
to support breastfeeding over infant formula, in a move that stunned
the international community but laid bare the willingness of the U.S.
government to use “economic weapons” against Latin American
nations.
Beyond
Ecuador, other recent targets of massive IMF and World Bank “warfare”
include Argentina, which awarded the
largest IMF bailout loan in history just
last year. That loan package was, unsurprisingly, heavily pushed by
the U.S., according to a statement from Treasury Secretary
Mnuchinreleased
last year.
Notably, the IMF was
instrumental in
causing the complete collapse of the Argentinian economy in 2001,
sending a poor omen for last year’s approval of the record loan
package.
Though
it was released over a decade ago, this “U.S. coup manual”
recently highlighted by WikiLeaks serves as a salient reminder that
the so-called “independence” of these financial institutions is
an illusion and that they are among the many “financial weapons”
regularly used by the U.S. government to bend countries to its will
and even overthrow U.S.-disfavored governments.
By Whitney
Webb / Creative
Commons / MintPress
News / Report
a typo
================================
Zie ook:
‘VS huurlingen bezig met wapentransport gearresteerd in Haïti‘
‘Venezuela: VS bedrijf dat wapens smokkelde is gelinkt aan CIA ‘Black Site’ centra‘
‘Congreslid Ilhan Omar fileert het monster Elliot Abrams, de speciale gezant van de VS voor Venezuela‘
‘Venezuela >> de media willen het socialisme definitief de nek omdraaien‘
‘Joel Voordewind (CU 2de Kamer) bakt de ‘Venezolaanse vluchtelingencrisis’ op Curaçao wel erg bruin en van Ojik (GL 2de Kamer) schiet een Venezolaanse bok‘
‘BBC World Service radio >> fake news and other lies about Venezuela‘ (bericht van dit blog)
‘Venezolaanse verandering van regime bekokstoofd door VS en massamedia‘
‘Venezuela zou humanitaire hulp weigeren, het echte verhaal ziet er ‘iets anders’ uit‘
‘Guaidó is een ordinaire couppleger van de VS, e.e.a. gaat volledig in tegen de Venezolaanse constitutie‘
‘Venezuela >> regime change: ‘de 12 stappen methode’ die de VS gebruikt‘
‘VS couppleger in Venezuela belooft VS Venezolaanse olie als hij de macht heeft overgenomen‘
(de opgeblazen oorlogshitser en oorlogsmisdadiger Pompeo beweert dat Hezbollah werkzaam is in Venezuela en daar een leger heeft dat gezien zijn woorden amper onder doet voor de gezamenlijke NAVO troepen… ha! ha! ha! Ook hier is totaal geen bewijs voor deze belachelijke beschuldiging…)
‘Halliburton en Chevron hebben groot belang bij ‘regime change’ in Venezuela‘
‘Mike Pence (vicepresident VS) gaf Guaidó, de door de VS gewenste leider, groen licht voor de coup in Venezuela‘
‘VS coup tegen Maduro in volle gang……..‘
‘Antiwar Hero Medea Benjamin Disrupts Pompeo Speech on Venezuela‘
‘Venezuela’s Military Chief, Foreign Allies Back Maduro‘
‘Als de VS stopt met spelen van ‘politieagent’ en het vernielen van de wereld, zullen de slechte krachten winnen……‘
‘VS weer op oorlogspad in Latijns-Amerika: Venezuela het volgende slachtoffer…….‘
‘Venezuela: VS verandering van regime mislukt >> de Venezolanen wacht een VS invasie‘
‘Trump wilde naast de economische oorlogsvoering tegen Venezuela dat land daadwerkelijk militair aanvallen……‘
‘Venezolaanse regionale verkiezingen gehekeld door westen, terwijl internationale waarnemers deze als eerlijk beoordeelden……….‘
‘Venezuela: Target of Economic Warfare‘
‘Venezuela: de anti-propaganda van John Oliver (en het grootste deel westerse massamedia) feilloos doorgeprikt‘
‘Venezuela: ‘studentenprotest’ wordt uitgevoerd door ingehuurde troepen………‘
‘Abby Martin Busts Open Myths on Venezuela’s Food Crisis: ‘Shelves Fully Stocked’‘ (zie ook de video in dat artikel!)
‘Rex Tillerson waarschuwt Venezuela voor een coup en beschuldigt China van imperialisme…….. ha! ha! ha! ha! ha! ha! ha! ha! ha!‘
‘Edwin Koopman (VPRO Bureau Buitenland) over Venezolaanse verkiezingen met anti-Maduro propaganda bij de ‘onafhankelijke NOS…..‘
‘EU neemt uiterst hypocriet sancties tegen de Venezolaanse regering Maduro………‘
‘Venezuela ontwricht, wat de reguliere media u niet vertellen……..‘
‘VS steunt rechtse coalitie (MUD) in Venezuela………‘
‘Venezuela’s US-Backed Opposition Turns Up The Violence Following Assembly Vote‘
‘10 Things You Need to Know About the Terrorist Attack in Venezuela‘
‘Venezuelans in the Streets to Support Constituent Assembly‘
‘What Mainstream Media Got Wrong About Venezuela’s Constituent Assembly Vote‘ (met mogelijkheid tot directe vertaling)
‘The Left and Venezuela‘ (met mogelijkheid tot directe vertaling)
‘Rondje Venezuela schoppen op Radio1………‘
‘Karabulut (SP) blij dat ze Maduro eindelijk ook kan schoppen………‘
‘Venezuela moet en zal ‘verlost’ worden van Maduro, met ‘oh wonder’ een dikke rol van de VS en de reguliere westerse media‘
‘Venezolaanse regering treedt terecht op tegen de uiterst gewelddadige oppositie!!‘
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